Williams move will have ripple effect

 

MADELAINE DROHAN

GLOBE AND MAIL UPDATE

DECEMBER 28, 2008

 

OTTAWAIf governments can lease natural resources rights to encourage industrial development, should they not also be able to take back those rights when

the original purpose is no longer being served?

 

That is the peg on which Danny Williams, the Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, has hung his decision to take back timber and water rights and expropriate

land and assets held by Delaware-incorporated forestry corporation AbitibiBowater in central Newfoundland. Legislation to that effect sped through the legislature

before its Christmas break.

 

At first glance, his proposition has some merit. Timber, water and land are, after all, public resources to be used for the public good. The rights were given under a

1905 agreement with a predecessor company to AbitibiBowater on the understanding that it would use them to fuel a pulp and paper mill in central

Newfoundland. It now plans to close the mill due to slumping global demand for newsprint.

 

No mill, no rights, says the Premier. His stand is much applauded, even by the provincial opposition parties. Yet popularity with voters will be no defence if the

legal case is not airtight. And while governments have to defend the interests of the people they represent, they must also be sensitive to the long-term effects of

their actions. If Mr. Williams' action leads to an investment chill, or retaliation by the company or the U.S. government, what looks now like a provincial victory

will turn into a defeat.

 

It's not hard to see why the Premier has won plaudits within the province (although they are not universal). He is skillful at exploiting the well-honed sense of

grievance in the province, the belief that Newfoundlanders have been cheated in the past by fast-talking foreigners who have profited handsomely from the

province's natural wealth.

 

Churchill Falls is the most potent example. Under an ironclad deal negotiated in the 1950s by the British Newfoundland Development Corp., Newfoundland and

Labrador agreed to sell electricity from the generating station to Quebec at risible rates. The province has tried unsuccessfully to renegotiate the terms of the deal.

Indeed, there is talk that following the AbitibiBowater legislation, Mr. Williams may want to consider tackling the Churchill Falls agreement in a similar manner.

There are enough similarities with the AbitibiBowater situation to get the population stirred up. The rights were originally acquired in 1905, when Newfoundland

was an independent British colony, by the British-backed Anglo-Newfoundland Development Corp. They were passed down through a series of acquisitions and

mergers to AbitibiBowater.

 

As for the legal case, Mr. Williams contends that the 1905 agreement clearly ties the rights to the operation of a mill in Grand Falls-Windsor. No mill, no rights.

Yet the fact that the Premier felt compelled to pass legislation to this effect seems to indicate that there is room for a different interpretation.

 

AbitibiBowater certainly seems to think so. Its stiffly worded letter to the Premier suggests a legal challenge will soon follow, if not a challenge under the North

American free-trade agreement. Mr. Williams has brushed this off as mere sabre-rattling and he may be right. Not every company threatening Canada with a

Chapter 11 challenge under NAFTA follows through. At least seven have filed notice and then either withdrawn from the fight or allowed their challenge to

become inactive.

 

Still, if the rights and assets in question are valuable enough for the province to suspend and expropriate, they are likely worth fighting for by the company.

What the agreement actually says is a matter for legal experts. If you are one and want to take a crack at it, Newfoundland blogger Edward G. Hollett has helpfully

provided a copy of the original text, plus a lot of other relevant information, on his site at bondpapers.blogspot.com.

 

It doesn't require a law degree, however, to see that the dispute will have ripple effects beyond AbitibiBowater. Other companies will be looking at their

agreements with the provincial government to see whether actions they take in the face of a weak global economy might draw similar fire.

 

As for new investors, who may have been considering Newfoundland and Labrador, it will be difficult to tell whether there is an investment chill until the global

economy recovers enough to encourage companies to invest again. But that, too, may be an outcome of this affair.

 

The answer to the question that started this column has two parts. A government should be able to take back rights granted as long as it has the legal right to do so

under the agreement it has signed. That is not yet clear in the case of AbitibiBowater.

 

Yet even when it is within its legal rights, a government needs to weigh the benefit of regaining rights and land against the possible long-term damage it could be

doing to business confidence.

 

Mr. Williams has addressed the first point. Now he needs to address the second.